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Section
1: Introduction to Development, Personality, and Stage Theories
Section
2: Motor and Cognitive Development
Section 3: Erikson’s Stages of Psychosocial Development
Section 4: Freud’s Stages of Psychosexual Development
Section
5: Freud's Structural and Topographical Model
Section
6: Freud's Ego Defense Mechanisms
Section
7: Kohlberg’s Stages of Moral Development
Introduction
to Development, Personality, and Stage Theories
When
discussing any type of development, most theorist break it down into
specific stages. These stages are typically progressive. In
other words, you must pass through one stage before you can get to the
next. Think about how you learned to run; first you had to learn to
crawl, then you could learn to walk, and finally you could develop the
skills needed to run. Without the first two stages, running would be
an impossibility.
In
this chapter we will discuss the most prominent stage theories in regard to
motor and cognitive, social development, development, and moral
development. Most of these stage theories are progressive, although in
some, such as Erikson's psychosocial and Freud's psychosexual, a person can
fail to complete the stage while still continuing. This failure,
however, will result in difficulties later in life according to the
theories. The following offers an overview of development according to
the principles of psychology.
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